HOLLOW CONE NOZZLE

Q: What are hollow cone nozzles used for?

Hollow cone spray nozzles are ideal for capturing suspended particles and are widely used for gas cooling, dust control, absorption processes, air humidification, and industrial cleaning applications due to their efficient atomization and uniform spray distribution.

Q: When should I use a high pressure hollow cone spray nozzle?

A high pressure hollow cone spray nozzle is used when stronger spray impact, finer atomization, or longer spray reach is required. These are common in industrial washing, cooling, quenching, and conditioning applications.

Q: What is the difference between hollow cone and full cone nozzles?

A hollow cone nozzle produces a ring-shaped spray pattern for better distribution and contact area, while a full cone nozzle produces a filled cone pattern suitable for heavier wetting and deeper penetration.

Q: Can hollow cone nozzles work at low pressure?

Yes, hollow cone nozzles can operate at moderate pressures depending on the model. Higher pressure improves droplet breakup and spray distribution, so the ideal pressure is selected based on the required flow rate and spray quality.

wide angle narrow angle hollow cone spray nozzle india

HOLLOW CONE SPRAY NOZZLE MANUFACTURER IN INDIA

As a Hollow Cone Spray Nozzle Manufacturer in India, we supply industrial-grade hollow cone nozzles designed to deliver a ring-shaped spray pattern (hollow cone) for uniform distribution and effective liquid-to-air or liquid-to-surface contact. Hollow cone nozzles are commonly chosen for cooling, washing/rinsing, gas scrubbing, dust pre-wetting, and process conditioning, where consistent coverage and controlled droplet breakup matter.

This flow pattern is essentially a circular ring of liquid. Hollow cone nozzles are best for application requiring good atomization of liquids at lower pressures or where quick heat transfer is needed. These nozzles also feature large and unobstructed flow passages which provide a relatively high resistance to clogging.

High Pressure Hollow Cone Spray Nozzle Options

Where higher impact, improved breakup, or longer reach is needed, we offer high pressure hollow cone spray nozzle configurations suited for industrial environments. The best performance depends on flow rate, available pressure, and liquid properties—so selection should be done using your operating conditions rather than only the nozzle size.

Specifications (Model Dependent)

Spray Angles: 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°
Flow Range: 2 to 170 LPM (at 2–10 bar, model dependent)
Connection: 1/8" to 1/2" NPT / BSPT / BSP (Male & Female)
Materials: Brass, SS304, SS316, Mild Steel (coated options), Hastelloy, Titanium, PVC, Nylon, PP, PVDF.

For water-based duties, a hollow cone water spray nozzle in Brass or SS316 is commonly used. For chemicals, material selection should be based on compatibility, concentration, and operating temperature.

Wide Angle vs Narrow Angle Hollow Cone Spray Nozzle

Choosing the right spray angle is critical for coverage and effectiveness:

Wide angle hollow cone spray nozzle (typically 90°–120°): Best for close mounting distances, wider coverage, washing/rinsing, and scrubber distribution.
Narrow angle hollow cone spray nozzle (typically 30°–60°): Better for longer throw, deeper penetration, and targeted spraying zones.

If you share your mounting height and the area to be covered, we can recommend the suitable wide or narrow angle model.

Hollow Cone Spray Nozzle Applications

Gas scrubbing and absorber distribution

Cooling and quenching sprays

Washing, rinsing, and equipment cleaning

Dust control and pre-wetting sprays

Humidification and process conditioning (where wetting is acceptable)

Chemical spraying and coating preparation (application dependent)

Durable pump and piping assemblies with filtration unit

  
    
    

         SynergySpray Wide Angle Hollow Cone Spray Nozzles 
        

    Nozzles
Intetcom
    Capacity Size
    Nozzle Type
    Material Code
    Body Intet Dia (mm)
    Rated Office Dia (mm)
    Capacity (Liter per Minute)
    Spray Angle
  

    AA
    A
    BRASS
    SS
    316SS
    D.2 Bar
    0.5 Bar
    1 Bar
    1.5 Bar
    2 Bar
    3 Bar
    4 Bar
    5 Bar
    6 Bar
    7 Bar
    0.5 Bar
    1.5 Bar
    6 Bar
  

    
   1/8
    0.5-0.5W*****
  0.791.20.230.280.32
  0.390.460.510.560.6
  117°98°

  1-1W*****
  1.61.60.460.560.64
  0.790.911.01.11.2
  125°110°

  2-3W*****
  2.02.80.811.11.4
  1.62.02.32.52.82.9
  114°114°97°

  3-3W*****
  2.42.80.971.41.7
  1.92.42.73.13.33.7
  114°114°97°

  3-5W*****
  2.43.21.11.51.9
  2.22.73.13.53.84.0
  116°110°95°

  2-10W*****
  2.04.41.31.92.3
  2.63.23.74.24.65
  130°135°12°

  5-5W*****
  3.23.21.62.32.8
  3.23.94.65.15.56.1
  116°110°92°

  5-10W*****
  3.24.41.32.13.03.6
  4.25.15.96.67.37.9
  126°121°95°

  8-10W*****
  4.04.41.82.94.15
  5.87.18.29.21010.8
  124°112°90°

   1/4
  1-1W*****
  1.61.6
  0.460.560.640.790.911.01.11.2
  117°111°

  1-5W*****
  1.63.2
  0.770.951.11.31.51.71.92.0
  123°124°

  1-10W*****
  1.64.4
  0.961.21.41.71.92.12.32.5
  144°139°

  1-15W*****
  1.65.6
  1.11.31.51.92.22.42.72.9
  128°132°

  2-5W*****
  2.03.2
  1.11.51.92.22.73.13.53.84.0
  118°123°113°

  2-10W*****
  2.04.4
  1.31.92.32.63.23.74.24.65.0
  138°136°126°

  5-5W*****
  3.63.2
  1.62.32.83.23.94.65.15.66.1
  114°113°104°

  5-10W*****
  3.64.41.3
  2.133.64.25.15.96.67.37.9
  130°130°119°

  5-15W*****
  3.65.61.6
  2.53.54.356.177.88.69.3
  130°132°120°

  8-10W*****
  4.04.41.8
  2.94.05.05.87.18.29.21010.8
  129°122°103°

  10-10W*****
  4.84.42.0
  3.24.65.66.47.99.110.211.212.2
  120°108°95°

  8-15W*****
  4.05.62.2
  3.55.06.17.18.71011.212.313.2
  129°113°107°

  10-15W*****
  4.85.62.4
  3.95.56.77.79.510.912.213.414.6
  120°108°97°

  15-15W*****
  4.05.63.0
  4.86.88.49.711.813.715.316.718
  101°95°90°

   3/8
   5-10W*****
        4.84.41.32.13.03.6
        4.25.15.96.67.37.9
        130⁰123⁰102⁰
      

        5-15W*****
        6.05.61.62.53.54.3
        5.08.17.07.88.69.3
        138⁰131⁰112⁰
      

        8-10W*****
        3.64.41.82.94.15.0
        5.87.18.29.21010.8
        122⁰110⁰26⁰
      

        10-10W*****
        3.64.423.24.65.6
        6.47.99.110.211.212.2
        116⁰108⁰93⁰
      

        8-15W*****
        4.45.62.23.55.06.1
        7.18.71011.212.313.2
        133⁰120⁰105⁰
      

        10-15W*****
        5.25.62.43.95.56.7
        7.79.510.912.213.414.6
        126⁰115⁰100⁰
      

        8-25W*****
        4.47.52.64.25.97.3
        8.410.311.913.314.515.6
        122⁰118⁰109⁰
      

        10-20W*****
        5.26.02.94.56.47.8
        9.011.112.614.315.616.9
        118⁰112⁰102⁰
      

        15-15W*****
        6.05.63.04.86.88.4
        9.711.813.715.316.718
        116⁰108⁰95⁰
      

        15-20W*****
        8.06.03.45.57.79.5
        1113.415.517.31620.4
        113⁰106⁰98⁰
      

        20-20W*****
        7.16.04.16.49.111.2
        12.915.818.2202224.1
        106⁰102⁰95⁰
      

        15-30W*****
        6.07.94.57.11012.3
        14.217.420222526.5
        116⁰110⁰102⁰
      

        25-25W*****
        7.57.55.18.111.414
        1619.723252830.2
        105⁰100⁰93⁰
      

        25-30W*****
        7.57.95.79.012.815.6
        182226293133.9
        105⁰101⁰94⁰
      

1/250-50W*****9.511.110.216.12328323946515660.9110⁰102⁰93⁰

  


1/8	0.5-0.5W	*	*	*	*	*	0.79	1.2			0.23	0.28	0.32	0.39	0.46	0.51	0.56	0.6		117°	98°
1-1W	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	1.6			0.46	0.56	0.64	0.79	0.91	1.0	1.1	1.2		125°	110°
2-3W	*	*	*	*	*	2.0	2.8		0.81	1.1	1.4	1.6	2.0	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.9	114°	114°	97°
3-3W	*	*	*	*	*	2.4	2.8		0.97	1.4	1.7	1.9	2.4	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.7	114°	114°	97°
3-5W	*	*	*	*	*	2.4	3.2		1.1	1.5	1.9	2.2	2.7	3.1	3.5	3.8	4.0	116°	110°	95°
2-10W	*	*	*	*	*	2.0	4.4		1.3	1.9	2.3	2.6	3.2	3.7	4.2	4.6	5	130°	135°	12°
5-5W	*	*	*	*	*	3.2	3.2		1.6	2.3	2.8	3.2	3.9	4.6	5.1	5.5	6.1	116°	110°	92°
5-10W	*	*	*	*	*	3.2	4.4	1.3	2.1	3.0	3.6	4.2	5.1	5.9	6.6	7.3	7.9	126°	121°	95°
8-10W	*	*	*	*	*	4.0	4.4	1.8	2.9	4.1	5	5.8	7.1	8.2	9.2	10	10.8	124°	112°	90°
1/4	1-1W	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	1.6			0.46	0.56	0.64	0.79	0.91	1.0	1.1	1.2		117°	111°
1-5W	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	3.2			0.77	0.95	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.9	2.0		123°	124°
1-10W	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	4.4			0.96	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.3	2.5		144°	139°
1-15W	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	5.6			1.1	1.3	1.5	1.9	2.2	2.4	2.7	2.9		128°	132°
2-5W	*	*	*	*	*	2.0	3.2		1.1	1.5	1.9	2.2	2.7	3.1	3.5	3.8	4.0	118°	123°	113°
2-10W	*	*	*	*	*	2.0	4.4		1.3	1.9	2.3	2.6	3.2	3.7	4.2	4.6	5.0	138°	136°	126°
5-5W	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	3.2		1.6	2.3	2.8	3.2	3.9	4.6	5.1	5.6	6.1	114°	113°	104°
5-10W	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	4.4	1.3	2.1	3	3.6	4.2	5.1	5.9	6.6	7.3	7.9	130°	130°	119°
5-15W	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	5.6	1.6	2.5	3.5	4.3	5	6.1	7	7.8	8.6	9.3	130°	132°	120°
8-10W	*	*	*	*	*	4.0	4.4	1.8	2.9	4.0	5.0	5.8	7.1	8.2	9.2	10	10.8	129°	122°	103°
10-10W	*	*	*	*	*	4.8	4.4	2.0	3.2	4.6	5.6	6.4	7.9	9.1	10.2	11.2	12.2	120°	108°	95°
8-15W	*	*	*	*	*	4.0	5.6	2.2	3.5	5.0	6.1	7.1	8.7	10	11.2	12.3	13.2	129°	113°	107°
10-15W	*	*	*	*	*	4.8	5.6	2.4	3.9	5.5	6.7	7.7	9.5	10.9	12.2	13.4	14.6	120°	108°	97°
15-15W	*	*	*	*	*	4.0	5.6	3.0	4.8	6.8	8.4	9.7	11.8	13.7	15.3	16.7	18	101°	95°	90°
3/8	5-10W	*	*	*	*	*	4.8	4.4	1.3	2.1	3.0	3.6	4.2	5.1	5.9	6.6	7.3	7.9	130⁰	123⁰	102⁰
5-15W	*	*	*	*	*	6.0	5.6	1.6	2.5	3.5	4.3	5.0	8.1	7.0	7.8	8.6	9.3	138⁰	131⁰	112⁰
8-10W	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	4.4	1.8	2.9	4.1	5.0	5.8	7.1	8.2	9.2	10	10.8	122⁰	110⁰	26⁰
10-10W	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	4.4	2	3.2	4.6	5.6	6.4	7.9	9.1	10.2	11.2	12.2	116⁰	108⁰	93⁰
8-15W	*	*	*	*	*	4.4	5.6	2.2	3.5	5.0	6.1	7.1	8.7	10	11.2	12.3	13.2	133⁰	120⁰	105⁰
10-15W	*	*	*	*	*	5.2	5.6	2.4	3.9	5.5	6.7	7.7	9.5	10.9	12.2	13.4	14.6	126⁰	115⁰	100⁰
8-25W	*	*	*	*	*	4.4	7.5	2.6	4.2	5.9	7.3	8.4	10.3	11.9	13.3	14.5	15.6	122⁰	118⁰	109⁰
10-20W	*	*	*	*	*	5.2	6.0	2.9	4.5	6.4	7.8	9.0	11.1	12.6	14.3	15.6	16.9	118⁰	112⁰	102⁰
15-15W	*	*	*	*	*	6.0	5.6	3.0	4.8	6.8	8.4	9.7	11.8	13.7	15.3	16.7	18	116⁰	108⁰	95⁰
15-20W	*	*	*	*	*	8.0	6.0	3.4	5.5	7.7	9.5	11	13.4	15.5	17.3	16	20.4	113⁰	106⁰	98⁰
20-20W	*	*	*	*	*	7.1	6.0	4.1	6.4	9.1	11.2	12.9	15.8	18.2	20	22	24.1	106⁰	102⁰	95⁰
15-30W	*	*	*	*	*	6.0	7.9	4.5	7.1	10	12.3	14.2	17.4	20	22	25	26.5	116⁰	110⁰	102⁰
25-25W	*	*	*	*	*	7.5	7.5	5.1	8.1	11.4	14	16	19.7	23	25	28	30.2	105⁰	100⁰	93⁰
25-30W	*	*	*	*	*	7.5	7.9	5.7	9.0	12.8	15.6	18	22	26	29	31	33.9	105⁰	101⁰	94⁰
1/2	50-50W	*	*	*	*	*	9.5	11.1	10.2	16.1	23	28	32	39	46	51	56	60.9	110⁰	102⁰	93⁰

  
    
        Performance data Hollow Cone Spray Nozzles 
      

    Nozzles
Intetcom
    Capacity Size
    Nozzle Type
    Material Code
    Body Intet Dia (mm)
    Rated Office Dia (mm)
    Capacity (Liter per Minute)
    Spray Angle
  

    AA
    A
    BRASS
    SS
    316SS
    D.2 Bar
    0.5 Bar
    1 Bar
    1.5 Bar
    2 Bar
    3 Bar
    4 Bar
    5 Bar
    6 Bar
    7 Bar
    0.5 Bar
    1.5 Bar
    6 Bar
  

    
   1/8
     0.5
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  0.79
  1.2
  
  0.16
  0.23
  0.28
  0.32
  0.39
  0.46
  0.51
  0.56
  0.60
  
  58⁰
  69⁰

  1
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  1.6
  1.6
  
  0.32
  0.46
  0.56
  0.61
  0.79
  0.91
  1.1
  1.1
  1.2
  
  64⁰
  78⁰

  2
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  2.0
  2.0
  
  0.64
  1.91
  1.1
  1.3
  1.6
  1.8
  2.0
  2.2
  2.4
  52⁰
  61⁰
  69⁰

  3
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  2.4
  2.4
  
  0.97
  1.4
  1.7
  1.9
  2.4
  2.7
  3.1
  3.3
  3.6
  52⁰
  64⁰
  77⁰

  5
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  3.2
  3.2
  1.0
  1.6
  2.3
  2.8
  3.2
  3.9
  4.6
  5.1
  5.6
  6
  56⁰
  67⁰
  76⁰

  8
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  4.0
  4.0
  1.6
  2.6
  3.6
  4.5
  5.2
  6.3
  7.3
  8.2
  8.9
  9.6
  56⁰
  65⁰
  70⁰

  10
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  4.4
  4.4
  2.0
  3.2
  4.6
  5.6
  6.4
  7.9
  9.1
  10.2
  11.2
  12.1
  55⁰
  65⁰
  72⁰

   1/4
   1
        *****
        1.61.6
        
        0.460.560.640.79
        0.911.01.11.2
        
        53°67°
      

        2
        *****
        2.02.0
        
        0.640.911.11.3
        1.61.82.02.2
        2.4
        62°71°
      

        3
        *****
        2.42.4
        
        0.971.41.71.9
        2.42.73.13.3
        3.6
        51°65°78°
      

        5
        *****
        3.63.6
        1.0
        1.62.32.83.2
        3.94.65.15.6
        6
        63°73°79°
      

        8
        *****
        4.04.0
        1.6
        2.63.64.55.2
        6.37.38.25.9
        9.6
        61°69°73°
      

        10
        *****
        4.84.4
        2.0
        3.24.65.66.4
        7.99.110.211.2
        12.1
        63°70°74°
      

        15
        *****
        5.95.2
        3.1
        4.86.88.49.7
        11.813.715.116.7
        18.1
        63°71°72°
      

   3/8
    5*****
        3.63.21.01.62.32.83.23.94.65.15.66
        64⁰73⁰79⁰
      

        8*****
        4.441.62.63.64.53.26.37.38.29.99.5
        62⁰70⁰74⁰
      

        10*****
        5.24.42.03.24.65.65.27.99.110.211.212.1
        64⁰72⁰75⁰
      

        15*****
        5.95.63.14.66.88.48.411.813.715.316.718.1
        64⁰72⁰74⁰
      

        20*****
        7.16.44.16.49.111.29.715.816.2202224
        63⁰70⁰74⁰
      

        25*****
        7.57.55.18.111.41412.919.723252830
        63⁰70⁰74⁰
      

        30*****
        8.37.96.19.713.716.716.12427313336
        63⁰70⁰74⁰
      

   1/2
   25
        *****
        9.56.4
        5.18.111.41419.319.723252830
        63⁰66⁰71⁰
      

        30
        *****
        9.57.5
        6.19.713.715.719.32427313336
        67⁰71⁰75⁰
      

        40
        *****
        9.59.1
        8.212.918.222263236414548
        72⁰76⁰78⁰
      

        50
        *****
        9.511.1
        10.216.12328323946515660
        7⁰79⁰82⁰
      

        60
        *****
        9.513.1
        12.219.32733394755616772
        77⁰82⁰86⁰
      

  

Performance data Hollow Cone Spray Nozzles
1/8	0.5	*	*	*	*	*	0.79	1.2		0.16	0.23	0.28	0.32	0.39	0.46	0.51	0.56	0.60		58⁰	69⁰
1	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	1.6		0.32	0.46	0.56	0.61	0.79	0.91	1.1	1.1	1.2		64⁰	78⁰
2	*	*	*	*	*	2.0	2.0		0.64	1.91	1.1	1.3	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.2	2.4	52⁰	61⁰	69⁰
3	*	*	*	*	*	2.4	2.4		0.97	1.4	1.7	1.9	2.4	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.6	52⁰	64⁰	77⁰
5	*	*	*	*	*	3.2	3.2	1.0	1.6	2.3	2.8	3.2	3.9	4.6	5.1	5.6	6	56⁰	67⁰	76⁰
8	*	*	*	*	*	4.0	4.0	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.5	5.2	6.3	7.3	8.2	8.9	9.6	56⁰	65⁰	70⁰
10	*	*	*	*	*	4.4	4.4	2.0	3.2	4.6	5.6	6.4	7.9	9.1	10.2	11.2	12.1	55⁰	65⁰	72⁰
1/4	1	*	*	*	*	*	1.6	1.6			0.46	0.56	0.64	0.79	0.91	1.0	1.1	1.2		53°	67°
2	*	*	*	*	*	2.0	2.0		0.64	0.91	1.1	1.3	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.2	2.4		62°	71°
3	*	*	*	*	*	2.4	2.4		0.97	1.4	1.7	1.9	2.4	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.6	51°	65°	78°
5	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	3.6	1.0	1.6	2.3	2.8	3.2	3.9	4.6	5.1	5.6	6	63°	73°	79°
8	*	*	*	*	*	4.0	4.0	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.5	5.2	6.3	7.3	8.2	5.9	9.6	61°	69°	73°
10	*	*	*	*	*	4.8	4.4	2.0	3.2	4.6	5.6	6.4	7.9	9.1	10.2	11.2	12.1	63°	70°	74°
15	*	*	*	*	*	5.9	5.2	3.1	4.8	6.8	8.4	9.7	11.8	13.7	15.1	16.7	18.1	63°	71°	72°
3/8	5	*	*	*	*	*	3.6	3.2	1.0	1.6	2.3	2.8	3.2	3.9	4.6	5.1	5.6	6	64⁰	73⁰	79⁰
8	*	*	*	*	*	4.4	4	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.5	3.2	6.3	7.3	8.2	9.9	9.5	62⁰	70⁰	74⁰
10	*	*	*	*	*	5.2	4.4	2.0	3.2	4.6	5.6	5.2	7.9	9.1	10.2	11.2	12.1	64⁰	72⁰	75⁰
15	*	*	*	*	*	5.9	5.6	3.1	4.6	6.8	8.4	8.4	11.8	13.7	15.3	16.7	18.1	64⁰	72⁰	74⁰
20	*	*	*	*	*	7.1	6.4	4.1	6.4	9.1	11.2	9.7	15.8	16.2	20	22	24	63⁰	70⁰	74⁰
25	*	*	*	*	*	7.5	7.5	5.1	8.1	11.4	14	12.9	19.7	23	25	28	30	63⁰	70⁰	74⁰
30	*	*	*	*	*	8.3	7.9	6.1	9.7	13.7	16.7	16.1	24	27	31	33	36	63⁰	70⁰	74⁰
1/2	25	*	*	*	*	*	9.5	6.4	5.1	8.1	11.4	14	19.3	19.7	23	25	28	30	63⁰	66⁰	71⁰
30	*	*	*	*	*	9.5	7.5	6.1	9.7	13.7	15.7	19.3	24	27	31	33	36	67⁰	71⁰	75⁰
40	*	*	*	*	*	9.5	9.1	8.2	12.9	18.2	22	26	32	36	41	45	48	72⁰	76⁰	78⁰
50	*	*	*	*	*	9.5	11.1	10.2	16.1	23	28	32	39	46	51	56	60	7⁰	79⁰	82⁰
60	*	*	*	*	*	9.5	13.1	12.2	19.3	27	33	39	47	55	61	67	72	77⁰	82⁰	86⁰

Why Choose Our Hollow Cone Water Spray Nozzle Solutions

As experienced hollow cone spray nozzle manufacturers and hollow cone spray nozzle suppliers, we support industries with:

Wide-angle and narrow-angle product selection

Multiple threads and connector options (NPT/BSP/BSPT)

Material customization for harsh and corrosive environments

Reliable supply and service across India

Support for sizing based on flow, pressure, and coverage requirement

FAQs (Coal Mining Wheel Wash Systems)

What are hollow cone nozzles used for?

They are ideal to capture suspended particles and offer higher performances than other nozzles with same operating pressure and capacity. These nozzles are widely used for their efficiency in cooling and cleaning of gases, dust control, absorption processes and air-humidification.

Do hollow cone nozzles clog easily?

Clogging depends on water quality, nozzle design, and filtration. For recycled or dirty water, an inline strainer/filter is recommended to protect the nozzle and maintain consistent spray performance.

When should I use a high pressure hollow cone spray nozzle?

Use a high pressure hollow cone spray nozzle when you need stronger spray impact, improved breakup, or longer reach—common in industrial washing, cooling/quenching, and certain conditioning processes. The correct model depends on your available pressure and required LPM.

What is the difference between hollow cone and full cone nozzles?

A hollow cone nozzle produces a ring-shaped spray pattern, while a full cone nozzle produces a filled cone. Hollow cone is often chosen for better distribution and contact area; full cone is preferred when you need heavier wetting and deeper penetration.

Can hollow cone nozzles work at low pressure?

Yes, hollow cone nozzles can operate at moderate pressures (e.g., 2–10 bar) depending on the model. Droplet breakup and distribution improve as pressure increases, so the “best” pressure depends on your required spray quality and flow rate.